Americanii avertizează (degeaba) Israelul că marea operațiune militară din sudul Fâșiei Gaza poate provoca un „dezastru”

Mesajul de forță al Americii către Israel nu mai impresionează pe nimeni, pare doar o formulă politicoasă prin care Administrația de la Washington vrea să dovedească lumii că, totuși, face ceva pentru a limita dezastrul umanitar din Gaza și, eventual, pentru a ridica barierele necesare care să prevină extinderea regională a conflictului. Sigur că au dreptate să adreseze Israelului mesaje disperate, dar asta nu înseamnă că vor avea succes.

Absolut degeaba spunea ieri Joe Biden că „după părerea mea, așa cum știți, modul în care este condus răspunsul în Gaza constituie o mare exagerare”. Degeaba spunea și Cancelarul Olaf Scho9lz că „doar o soluție negociată a celor Două State va deschide perspectiva unei soluții durabile la conflictul din Orientul Mijlociu, lucru care este valabil și pentru Gaza și pentru Cisiordania”. Degeaba Comitetul Internațional al Crucii Roșii afirmă că este „extrem de preocupat de perspectiva regionalizării conflictului în Orientul Mijlociu...populațiile civile din nYemen, Irak, Liban, Siria și din alte țări sunt primele care plătesc prețul cel mai ridicat”. Absolut degeaba asemenea mesaje și avertismente disperate precum cel transmis de Antonio Guterres, secretarul general al ONU care spunea, după părerea mea pe drept cuvânt, că „lumea noastră a intrat într-o eră a haosului...guvernele ignoră și subminează principiile multilateralismului, fără să fie trase în niciun fel la răspundere. Consiliul de Securitate, cel mai important mecanism pentru pacea mondială este acum în impas datorită fisurilor geopolitice...Nu este pentru prima oară când Consiliul de Securitate este divizat. Dar acum lucrurile stau mai rău. Disfuncțiunile actuale sunt mai profunde și mai primejdioase”.

Context în care, ieri, la Geneva, Volker Turk, Înaltul Comisar al ONU pentru drepturile omului a estimat că distrugerea de către Israel a infrastructurilor civile pe o zonă de un kilometru între Statul Israel și Banda Gaza ar putea constitui o crimă de război. Inițiativa israeliană pare să nu fie conformă dreptului internațional umanitar, spune el, adăugând că distrugerile respective au loc în zone unde nu se mai înregistrează lupte, „și Israelul nu a oferit motive valabile pentru acest lucru”.

Teoretic și doar teoretic, americanii au sperat că agitația diplomatică a secretarului de stat Blinken avea să dea roade în sensul ca Israelul să poată accepta să discute planul de pace propuse de Hamas și agreat de americani, egipteni și mijlocit eventual de Qatar. Nu e cazul, Netanyahu îl refuză total și, mai mult, sfidează pe cei de la Washington anunțând pregătirea marii ofensive asupra zonei Rafah din sudul Bandei Gaza, acolo unde sugeraseră ca populația civilă palestiniană, deplasată forțat din nord sub amenințarea invaziei militare, să se refugieze deoarece za fi ocolită de război.

„Nu am văzut până acum nici o dovadă asupra planificării serioase a unei asemenea operațiuni și ar fi un dezastru să fie începută acum fără planificare și fără o gândire serioasă într-o zonă unde se află refugiate peste un milion de persoane” – a spus Vedant Patel, adjunctul purtătorului de cuvânt al Departamentului de Stat. 

Situația în Israel pare să fie blocată pe ideea unei ofensive totale în Gaza și continuării în forță a acțiunilor militare împotriva unor obiective din Liban, Sira sau Irak.

Poate asta să se transforme într-un război la scară regională? Răspunsurile afirmative vin din partea a tot mai mulți analiști militari, foarte preocupați de faptul că regiunea începe să fie dominată de un val virulent de anti-americanism începând, evident, cu Irak unde un purtător de cuvânt militar al primului ministru de la Bagdad a afirmat că, în acest moment, coaliția internațională anti-jihadistă condusă de SUA a devenit „un factor de instabilitate” în Irak. Situația diplomatică foarte complicată și după reacția dură a diplomației saudite care a condamnat declarațiile optimiste ale Casei Albe care vorbea despre „discuții pozitive” privind eventuala normalizare a relațiilor între Israel și Arabia Saudită. Nici vorbă, se spune într-un comunicat al saudiților deoarece „poziția Arabiei Saudite în ce privește chestiunea palestiniană nu s-a schimbat niciodată...nu vor exista relații diplomatice cu Israelul atâta timp cât nu va fi recunoscut Stratul Palestinian în frontierele sale din 1967, cu capitala în Ierusalimul de Est”.

Între timp – și am convingerea că acest lucru reprezintă o problemă gravă și cu implicații foarte importante pe termen lung – încep să fie circulate din ce în ce mai multe documente de poziție chemând la mobilizarea elitei intelectuale din Europa și nu numai în favoarea opririi cooperării între UE și Israe, „pentru încetarea finanțării aproiectelor de cercetare care...pot, direct sau indirect, să încalce legislația internațională și drepturile omului”, cu referință la cele cu aplicații militare. Aveți în subsolul acestui articol o asemenea scrisoare deschisă care explică poate și valul de manifestații anti-Israel în mediul universitar european, cu posibile efecte electorale în perioada următoare.

Open Letter

The EU and Academic Institutions to Halt Collaborative Research Due to the Risks of Dual Use, Misuse, and Violations of Human Rights and International Law 

We, as academics, urge the EU and European academic institutions to uphold their moral and legal obligations and take immediate action to address the serious risks of dual-use and misuse of research projects and to halt funding collaborations with organizations that are known or suspected accomplices in the Israeli or other (alleged) human rights and international law violations, including war crimes and crimes against humanity and genocide. 

The situation in Palestine 

Since the 7^th of October 2023, following horrific attacks by Hamas and other armed groups, Israel has commenced a full-scale assault on the Gaza Strip and heightened its military campaign in the West Bank. The number of casualties, injuries, and missing people and the scale of destruction in Palestinian territories, primarily in Gaza but also in the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) have reached unprecedented levels. The death toll is expected to significantly rise, because of the cutting of supplies (such as power, water, food, and medicines), the vast destruction of buildings – including hospitals, schools,  universities, and places of worship - by Israel, the impossibility for the population to leave the besieged enclave, the forced starvation as a method of war and the serious risk of wide-spread diseases. Importantly, there has been little information on what is happening in Gaza, due to Israel cutting communications for days at a time, barring external journalists as well as fact-checker and investigative organizations from entering Gaza and killing journalists in unprecedented numbers.  

International organizations and prominent human rights experts (e.g. here, here, and here), including the UN, have called for preventive action against the serious risks of genocide in Gaza, while many argue genocide is already taking place. Upon the institution of proceedings before the International Court of Justice by the Republic of South Africa against the State of Israel for the alleged violations of obligations under the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, the Court, on its order dated 26 January 2023, has found the claims on genocidal acts perpetrated by Israel plausible and confirmed a real and imminent risk that irreparable prejudice will be caused to Palestinians (the Court will state at a later stage, on the merits, whether genocide is taking place). The Court urged Israel to take a wide range of provisional measures. 

Scientific collaborations between Europe and Israel 

Israel has been involved in the EU’s research and innovation programmes since 1996. From 2014 to 2020, Israeli organizations, including military companies and institutions, were involved 2105 times and received 1,28 billion Euros from the EU. As of 8 January 2024, there are 594 partnerships with Israeli organizations, to which the EU Commission’s net contribution is approximately 480 million Euros. 

These figures are not problematic in themselves. However, there is a heightened risk of dual-use and misuse of research outputs, i.e. using the technology (or at least the know-how) developed in the EU-funded projects for military or other purposes in breach of human rights, international law or ethical values. For example, Elbit Systems, one of the most important military technology providers of the Israeli army (including current assaults on Gaza) for a long time, was involved in numerous EU-funded projects under the Horizon 2020 Framework. Similarly, the Israeli Aerospace Industries (IAI), a major Israeli state-owned manufacturer of defense and aerospace sectors, which publicizes their involvement in Israeli military operations since October 7, are involved in numerous projects in the ongoing Horizon Europe Framework. Non-Israeli organizations may also raise risks of dual-use, misuse and violations of human rights and international law, as crystalized in the acquisition of the leading Greek military tech provider Intracom Defense by the IAI, after important collaborations between the two.  

The lines between the high-tech sector, the European research and innovation funding programmes, and the Israeli arsenal are easily blurred. Examples include the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for the destruction and killing of innocents in Gaza, confirmed close connections with the Israeli army, intelligence and law enforcement agencies, and the use of Palestine as a test bed for weaponry and surveillance technologies both to export them worldwide and to create an automated apartheid in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Furthermore, other organizations may also be directly or indirectly involved in violations of human rights and international law. Several Israeli universities, such as the Israel Institute of Technology (Technion), have, among others, enabled apartheid, occupation and discrimination against Palestinians for a long time and played a role in the crackdown of dissent since the 7^th of October. Besides, European universities often conclude contracts with tech companies such as HP, which has also been accused of providing technology for Israeli control over the Palestinian people. 

Shortcomings of current ethics and human rights screening procedures 

When they exist, ethics and human rights procedures set up to screen research collaborations are mainly deployed by universities on a project-by-project basis pursuant to internal ethics and human rights commitments. These procedures are highly time and resource intensive and primarily reliant on the concerns raised by individual researchers and the availability of information on project partners and their potential involvement with ‘problematic’ acts or actors (such as the Israeli military or their collaborators). Finding information on whether and how a given potential research partner may raise ethical or human rights concerns can be very challenging. Atrocities are dynamically unfolding daily, making it almost impossible to determine all individual responsibilities. For example, albeit a good-willing research partner at first glance, doctors of an Israeli hospital have reportedly openly called for the destruction of all the hospitals in Gaza. Importantly, Israel has been deploying resources to preventjournalists and independent observers from documenting the situation in Gaza, while social media platforms are accused of silencing information in order to shape public opinion with a one-sided narrative of the course of events. The International Court of Justice took specific measures against Israel to prevent the destruction of evidence of the plausible genocide unfolding in Gaza. 

Additionally, these ethics and human rights procedures have commonly an advisory role without any authority over the final decision of establishing research collaborations. Besides, the end-result of such screening is rarely the abandonment of a project but rather, at best, the imposition of safeguards surrounding the research stage of the project, which in no way affect what happens after the project ends, and how the research outcomes of a certain project are or can be deployed. If the partner (i.e. university) that raised the concern steps down, the potentially questionable research is left essentially unaffected. In other words, the research will still be conducted, likely by another partner, unless wide scale changes take place at an EU level. 

The functioning of such ethics and human rights screening systems procedures shall further be understood within the context of competition for funding, with the ensuing risk of racing to the bottom. Stopping ongoing collaborations due to ethically problematic developments (such as those in Gaza) is theoretically possible, but it is very difficult given universities’ need to keep good relationships with their networks and their reliance on project funding to pay researchers’ wages. Concerns about projects and the ethically questionable development of know-how in collaboration with Israeli partners have been raised in the past, too, but reactions to them failed to reflect the overarching institutional responsibility, considering them as isolated instances, and have been overall deemed insufficient.   

Proposal for moving forward: Inferring a positive duty to act 

Against this background, we, as academics working in universities committed to human rights and ethical values, believe that academia in Europe and beyond cannot continue business-as-usual collaborations with Israeli and non-Israeli partners, when such partners are directly or indirectly complicit in these crimes. Two lines of arguments have been raised so far to keep business-as-usual, namely that it would be a matter of politics so academic institutions should avoid ‘taking side’ or that the ethics and human rights screening procedures in place within universities satisfactorily frame the ways in which research collaborations are conducted. However, funding research collaborations is also a matter of politics and most importantly of upholding the most basic human rights, while as demonstrated the screening procedures in place are largely unable to address the magnitude and urgency of ongoing violations. Finally, as also strongly voiced especially by the Global South, it is of utmost importance to avoid any double standards in the treatment of, for example, Israel and Russia, considering the EU-wide principled stance upon Russia’s invasion of Ukraine – which is also subject to ICJ scrutiny, entailing provisional measures under the Genocide Convention. We should condemn injustice wherever it takes place by whomever it is initiated. 

Under international law, States must take preventive and precautionary action to ensure respect for international humanitarian law and to prevent genocide. Under EU law, the EU institutions and member States must respect fundamental rights and promote the application thereof, control the export of dual-use items and know-how, and apply the precautionary principle, also in cases of risks to human rights, to base legal or policy decisions where a potential risk of dangerous effects cannot be demonstrated or quantified with sufficient certainty due to the unavailability of (i.e. scientific) data. Furthermore, research funded by the EU under the Horizon Europe programme must comply with EU, national and international law including fundamental rights instruments as well as ethical principles. In light of the above, we urge all relevant stakeholders, but particularly the EU and academic institutions involved in collaborations with known or suspected risky partners, to take substantial and immediate action to uphold their moral and legal obligations and address these risks wherever they take place, within or outside Europe. Accordingly, universities have already started to halt collaborations with Israeli partners. While the events unfolding in Palestine shall act as a wake-up call, ethics and human rights concerns are obviously not limited to Palestine, necessitating structural change. 

More precisely, 

The EU, as a major funding body and primary policymaker in research and innovation, should: 

· Set consistent EU-wide policies and take concrete actions (including preventive actions) regarding allowing, funding, performing, participating in, or contributing to research collaborations that may, directly or indirectly, violate international law and human rights. 

· Carry out streamlined, strict and transparent ethics and human rights screenings of research collaborations in line with the Horizon Europe Regulation, given the seriousness of the issues raised should thus not be delegated to individual funding bodies or partners, against the risk of dual-use or misuses in (or as a result of) research collaborations. 

· Revise the Horizon Europe Regulation and related guidelines (i.a.  Research with an exclusive focus on civil applications and Potential misuse of research) to address the risks highlighted as well as establish effective reporting channels and protect whistleblowers. 

The universities, as performers of research and direct collaborators in research projects, should: 

· Ensure the effective scrutiny of research collaborations and partners, including by rendering decisions by ethics and human rights bodies binding and not reliant on individual researchers or even individual researcher centers who may not have genuine decision-making power.  

· Draw inspiration from the preventive and precautionary duties born by the EU and States and either abstain, based on clearly and transparently set policies, from entering into, or interrupt on-going collaborations with entities that could possibly (and even indirectly) be involved in human rights or international law violations or which run the risk of dual-use or misuse. This could be done temporarily, for example, until violations have ceased to take place. The temporary nature of the measures can constitute a means to balance the need – and actual commitment – to protect human rights and the duty to preserve the freedom of science.  

Finally, we must live up to the standards of our past commitments. That genocide shall ‘never again’ take place is a commitment that cannot be made several times. 

SIGNATORIES

First signatories; for the continuously updated list see here. Please kindly fill in this form if you would like to sign the letter. For any communications, please kindly reach out to open.letter.eu.research@gmail.com

1. Halid Kayhan, Researcher, KU Leuven 

2. Charlotte Ducuing, Doctoral Researcher, KU Leuven 

3. Plixavra Vogiatzoglou, Postdoctoral researcher, University of Amsterdam; Affiliated Senior researcher, KU Leuven

4. Laurens Naudts, Postdoctoral researcher, University of Amsterdam; Affiliated Senior Researcher, KU Leuven 

5. Maja Nisevic, Postdoctoral Researcher, KU Leuven 

6. Elisabetta Biasin, Doctoral Researcher, KU Leuven 

7. Flavia Giglio, Researcher, KU Leuven 

8. Abdullah Elbi, Researcher, KU Leuven 

9. Cesar Fontanillo Lope, Doctoral candidate, KU Leuven

10. Elisabeth Daem, Assistant KU Leuven, Lawyer (Brussels)

11. Eyup Kun, Doctoral researcher, KU Leuven

12. Anastasia Karagianni, Doctoral researcher, Vrije Universiteit Brussel

13. Elisa Leila Elhadj, Doctoral researcher, KU Leuven

14. Anissa Bougrea, PhD researcher, Ghent University

15. Diletta Huyskes, PhD researcher, University of Milan

16. Matthias Lievens, Assistant Professor, KU Leuven Institute of Philosophy

17. Soraya El Kahlaoui, Postdoctoral researcher, Ghent University

18. Koen Bogaert, Associate Professor, Ghent University Department of Conflict and Development Studies

19. Sarah Bracke, Professor of Sociology of Gender and Sexuality, University of Amsterdam

20. Giulietta Zanga, PhD candidate, University of Milan

21. Anissa Pelouto, PhD candidate and medical doctor, Erasmus Medical Center

22. Marta Musidlowska, Legal researcher, KU Leuven,

23. Paola Rivetti, Associate Professor, Dubiln City University

24. Charis Papaevangelou, Postdoctoral researcher, University of Amsterdam

25. Michiel Bot, Associate Professor, Tilburg University, Department of Conflict and Development Studies

26. Sruti Bala, Associate Professor, University of Amsterdam

27. Zara Sharif, Senior Lecturer, Erasmus University College, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Economics

28. Sara Garsia, Research associate, KU Leuven 

29. Sander Vogt, Assistant, KU Leuven

30. Laura Dolazza, PhD candidate, University of Trento

31. Mary Ann Manahan, Academic Assistant, Ghent University

32. Elisa Giunchi, Professor, Università degli studi di Milano

33. W. Schinkel, Professor of Social Theory, Erasmus University Rotterdam  

34. Jan Orbie, Professor, Ghent University

35. Tareq Abdel Alim, Researcher, Erasmus Medical Center

36. Aliki Tzouvara,  PhD Researcher, KU Leuven

37. Špela Lemež, PhD student, KU Leuven

38. Alessandra Spadaro, Assistant Professor of Public International Law, Utrecht University

39. Tarun Kattumana, Doctoral Researcher, KU Leuven         

40. Gert Van Hecken, Associate Professor, University of Antwerp

41. Mücahit Aygün, PhD candidate, University of Amsterdam            

42. Lena Imeraj, Professor, Vrije Universiteit Brussel              

43. Zeynep Akcaoglu, PhD researcher, KU Leuven   

44. Cecilia Vergnano, Postdoctoral researcher, KU Leuven   

45. Tomaso Ferrando, Research Professor, University of Antwerp    

46. Valerie De Craene, Postdoctoral researcher, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Cosmopolis            

47. Laura M. De Vos, Assistant Professor, Radboud University           

48. Lander Govaerts, PhD Candidate, Vrije Universiteit Brussel          

49. Carlotta Sciolo, Lecturer, EUR

50. Francesca Biancani, Associate Professor,              University of Bologna

51. Khalda El Jack, PhD Research, ICP Coordinator, KU Leuven Department of Architecture   

52. Sarah Murru, Assistant Professor, KU Leuven     

53. Karel Arnaut, Associate Professor, KU Leuven    

54. Sami Zemni, Professor, Ghent University             

55. Nele Aernouts, Assistant professor, Vrije Universiteit Brussel      

56. Matthias De Groof, Professor, Uantwerpen; Researcher, University of Amsterdam

57. Luce Beeckmans, Professor Architecture and Urbanism, KU Leuven         

58. Elena Burgos Martinez, Assistant Professor, Leiden University

59. Mirjam Twigt, Postdoctoral Researcher, Leiden University           

60. Brunilda Pali, Senior Researcher, KU Leuven       

61. Daniela Pioppi, Associate professor, University of Naples 'L'Orientale'

62. Rikus van Eeden, Doctoral researcher, KU Leuven

63. Lotika Singha, Writer, member (and on behalf) of the International Solidarity with Academic Freedom in India (InSAF India)

64. Begum Sari, Master student, TU Delft

65. Wissal Abanaissa, Student, KU Leuven

66. Roschanack Shaery-Yazdi, Professor of history, University of Antwerp    

67. Christian Henderson, Assistant professor, Leiden University        

68. Houda Lamqaddam, Assistant Professor, University of Amsterdam

69. Jessica Fiorelli, PhD Candidate, UHasselt

70. Vjosa Musliu , Professor , Vrije Universiteit Brussel          

71. Julian Prieto, PhD student, KU Leuven   

72. Irene van Oorschot, Assistant professor, Erasmus University Rotterdam

73. Claire Tio, PhD researcher, Erasmus University Rotterdam           

74. Nicola Perugini, Senior lecturer in international relations, University of Edinburgh             

75. Massilia Ourabah, PhD Researcher, UGent         

76. Evrim Tan, Postdoctoral researcher, KU Leuven

77. Petra Van Brabandt, Head of Research, Sint Lucas Antwerpen - School of Arts KdG           

78. Yolande Jansen , Professor, Free University Amsterdam; Associate Professor, University of Amsterdam 

79. Nadia Fadil, Professor, KU Leuven           

80. Giulia Re Ferrè, PhD candidate, University of Milan

81. Nawal Mustafa, Postdoctoral researcher, Vrije University

82. Riccardo Labianco, Post-Doc Research Associate, Center for Human Rights Law at SOAS, University of London 

83. Naomi Appelman, Doctoral Researcher, University of Amsterdam

84. Erik Paredis, Associate professor, Centre for Sustainable Development, Ghent University

85. Annelys de Vet, PhD Researcher,  ARIA University of Antwerp, Sint Lucas School of Arts

86. Bianca Baldi, Researcher, Sint Lucas Antwerpen; ARIA Antwerpen            

87. Andrea Reyes Elizondo, Researcher & PhD candidate, Leiden University

88. Loos Ruth, Postdoctoral researcher, St Lucas School of Arts Antwerp       

89. Elena Calsamiglia, PhD Researcher, European University Institute            

90. Salma Mediavilla Aboulaoula, PhD researcher & teaching assistant, UGent          

91. Juliette Alenda, Assistant Professor, Radboud Universiteit

92. Olga Burlyuk, Associate Professor, University of Amsterdam

93. Burcu Yaşar, PhD candidate, University of Hamburg

94. Lotte Morel, PhD researcher, Ghent University

95. Omer Faruk Metin, PhD Researcher,  Sciences Po

96. Samer Abdelnour, Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh         

97. Simone van Wieringen, PhD candidate, Radboud University Nijmegen   

98. Céline Drieskens, PhD Researcher, Vrije Universiteit Brussel

99. Vendula Machů, PhD candidate, University of Groningen             

100. Pepijn Brandon, Professor of Global History, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam          

101. Pierre Klein, Professor, Université libre de Bruxelles        

102. Iman Lechkar, Professor, Vrije Universiteit Brussel           

103. Marthe Wens, Assistant professor, VU Amsterdam         

104. Joana Carvalho Pereira, Docent, TUDelft              

105. Elisa Da Vià, Lecturer, Leiden University

106. Simone de Oliveira, Social Educator, Higher Education School of Porto; Postgraduate Degree in Human Rights, Catholic University of Porto

107. Yasmine Kaied , PhD, University Ghent

108. Agustin Ferrari Braun, PhD Candidate, Universiteit van Amsterdam         

109. Jozefien Vanherpe, Assistant Professor, KU Leuven

110. Geraldine Rodríguez , Postdoc, KU Leuven

111. Lippens Lou, Assistant, Ghent University              

112. Solange Fontana, Researcher / Assistant Professor, NIOD 

113. Federica Masci, Research Associate, KU Leuven

114. Marije Luitjens, Peace and Conflict scholar, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

115. Emine Ozge Yildirim-Vranckaert, Doctoral Researcher, KU Leuven 

116. Isabel Awad,  Associate professor, Erasmus University Rotterdam            

117. Houssine Alloul, Assistant Professor, University of Amsterdam

118. Sofia Verza, Research Associate, European University Institute  

119. Eftychia Mylona, Lecturer, Leiden University      

120. Henk de Smaele, Professor of History, Universiteit Antwerpen

121. Daniela Vicherat Mattar, Associate Professor, Leiden University

122. Jean De Meyere, PhD Researcher, KULeuven/UCLouvain

123. Hanne Hellin, PhD, Ghent University, Department of Special Needs Education     

124. Chrysanthi Pachoulide, PhD, Wageningen University and Research          

125. Martin Calisto Friant, External Professor, University of Amsterdam

126. Gijs van Maanen, Researcher, Tilburg University

127. Elad Magomedov, Postdoctoral researcher, KU Leuven 

128. Loraine Furter, PHD student, Sint Lucas Antwerpen, teacher, University Antwerp

129. Esther Schoorel, PhD researcher, University of Amsterdam          

130. Daisy Van de Vorst, Project manager,  Vrije Universiteit Brussel 

131. Athena Christofi, PhD Researcher, KU Leuven 

132. Dimitris Bouris, Associate Professor, University of Amsterdam

133. Valentina Golunova, Lecturer, Maastricht University

134. Garine Gokceyan, PhD Student, ARIA

135. Alexandros Lefteratos, PhD Candidate, University of Amsterdam

136. Tommaso Fia, Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Tübingen

137. Polly Pallister-Wilkins, Associate Professor, University of Amsterdam

138. Anya Topolski, Associate Professor, Radboud University

139. Arno Cuypers, Junior Researcher, KU Leuven

140. Luz Gómez, Professor of Arabic Studies, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 

141. Thomas Decreus, Lecturer, Tilburg University

142. Johanna Lems, Assistant Professor, Universidad Complutense de Madrid

143. Hugo Raguet, Associate Professor, INSA Centre-Val de Loire ; Université de Tours

144. Allan Souza Queiroz, Doctor Assistant, Ghent University

145. Elisabeth De Schauwer, Professor, UGent - Department of Special Needs Education

146. Laura Luciani, Postdoctoral fellow, Ghent University

147. Aviva de Groot, Postdoctoral researcher, Tilburg University

148. Hilde Heynen, Professor, KU Leuven

149. Guido Veronese, Associate Professor, University of Milan-Bicocca

150. Gwenn Van Laer, Praktijkassistent, UAntwerpen

151. Amy Phillips, Postdoctoral Researcher, Vrije Universiteit Brussel

152. Jef Ausloos, Assistant Professor, University of Amsterdam

153. Roberto Beneduce, Full Professor of Anthropology, MD, PhD, Psychiatrist, University of Turin

154. Giovanni Piccinini, Postdoctoral fellow, University of Bologna

155. Saskia Van der Gucht, Researcher - Teacher, Sint Lucas Antwerpen, KdG

156. Nathalie Vallet, Professor, UAntwerpen

157. Rachel Griffin, PhD candidate, Sciences Po Paris

158. Ladan Rahbari, Assistant Professor of Political Sociology, University of Amsterdam; Senior Researcher,IMI

159. Ward Heirwegh, Teacher, Sint Lucas Antwerpen; Karel de Grote Hogeschool       

160. Reuben Binns, Associate Professor, University of Oxford

161. Pauline Trouillard, Lecturer, University of Rennes

162. Puttaert Hugo, Teacher Master programme, Sint Lucas Antwerpen; Karel de Grote Hogeschool

163. Mateo Broillet, Teaching assistant, Sint Lucas Antwerpen

164. Sigrid Vertommen, Postdoctoral Researcher, Ghent University

165. Afrah Aboo, PhD researcher, KU Leuven

166. Itamar Shachar, Assistant Professor, Hasselt University

167. Naïké Garny, PhD candidate, KU Leuven

168. Tim Christiaens, Assistant professor, Tilburg University

169. Ole Soltau, Student, KU Leuven

170. Aleksandra Kuczerawy, Postdoctoral fellow, KU Leuven

171. Abeba Birhane, Adjunct assistant professor, School of computer science and statistics, Trinity College Dublin

172. Geertrui Van Overwalle, Full Professor Em., KU Leuven

173. Federica Cavazzoni, Post-doc researcher, University of Milano-Bicocca

174. Maria Cristina Paciello, Researcher, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice

175. Carine Defoort, Professor Chinese Studies, KU Leuven   

176. Barbara De Poli, Associate Professor, Ca' Foscari University Venice          

177. Marissa Willcox, Lecturer, The University of Amsterdam               

178. Ioannis Tsamouras, Master's student, KU Leuven

179. Francesco Vacchiano, Associate professor, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice           

180. Oscar Coppieters, Lector, KDG Antwerp

181. Arthemis Snijders, PhD Researcher, UGent         

182. Leander Stähler, Doctoral Researcher, KU Leuven            

183. Alessandra Calvi, PhD candidate, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; CY Cergy Paris Université

184. Jill Toh, PhD researcher, University of Amsterdam

185. Barbara Müller, Associate Professor, Radboud University

186. Rufus Rune, MSc student in Sustainable Technology,       KTH Royal Institute of Technology

187. Patrizia Zanelli, Contract Professor, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice

188. Javier Barreda, Associate Professor, University of Alicante            

189. Cristina García Cecilia, Professor, University of Alicante 

190. Safae el Khannoussi el Bouidrin, Doctoral Candidate, University of Amsterdam

191. Adriana Costa Santos, PhD researcher, UCLouvain; Saint-Louis   

192. Sonia Prieto, Associate Professor, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 

193. Isabella Banks, PhD Candidate, University of Amsterdam

194. Francesca Esposito, Researcher, ICS-ULisboa      

195. Simone Tulumello, Assistant research professor, University of Lisbon

196. Naïma Benaicha Ziani, Professor, Alicante University 

197. Bilgesu Sumer, Doctoral researcher, KU Leuven

198. Noémie Krack, Researcher, KU Leuven

199. An Van Raemdonck,Postdoctoral researcher, Ghent University

200. Sam Hamer, Junior Lecturer, University of Amsterdam

201. Mikki Stelder, Assistant Professor, University of Amsterdam

202. Chiara Fiscone, Doctoral Student, University of Genoa

203. Jan Tobias Muehlberg, Professor, Université Libre de Bruxelles

204. Andreas Wittel, Senior Lecturer, Nottingham Trent University

205. Daniel Leufer, PhD Graduate and External Advisory Board Member at KU Leuven Digital Society Institute

206. Franco Passalacqua, Assistant Professor, University of Milan-Bicocca

207. Alexandra Giannopoulou, Research Fellow, University of Amsterdam

208. Sabrina Tosi Cambini, Senior Researcher, University of Parma

209. Ann Schreppers, Guest lecturer, KU Leuven

210. Sanna Toropainen, Doctoral Researcher, University of Helsinki

211. Nitin Sawhney, Professor of Practice, Aalto University

212. Andrea Palumbo, Researcher, KU Leuven

213. Irmak Erdogan, Postdoctoral Researcher, KU Leuven

214. Selman Aksünger, PhD researcher, Maastricht University              

215. Alexandra Greene, PhD Candidate, VU Amsterdam         

216. Simone Benazzo, PhD student, Université Libre de Bruxelles

217. Stefano Portelli, Researcher, Universitat de Barcelona   

218. Mauro Van Aken, Associate Professor, University of Milan-Bicocca

219. Alex Govers Pijoan, PhD Candidate, KU Leuven

220. Martin Lundsteen, Ramón y Cajal Fellow, University of Barcelona

221. Isaac Marrero Guillamón, Serra Hunter Lecturer in Anthropology, University of Barcelona 

222. Samantha Joeck, PhD candidate, EHESS

223. Maria Caballero Pons, Research Assistant, Vreje Universiteit Brussel

224. Jouke Huijzer, PhD Candidate, Vrije Universiteit Brussel

225. Bianca Sola Claudio, PhD Researcher, Universität zu Köln

226. Stefania Consigliere, Assistant Professor in Anthropology, University of Genoa

227. Chiara Pilotto, Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Bologna

228. Sarah Walker, Research Fellow, University of Bologna

229. Cristiana Fiamingo, Assistant Professor in African history and institutions, University of Milan

230. Vera Sales, PhD Researcher, University of Amsterdam

231. Brigitte Herremans, Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Gent

232. Francesca Cerbini, Senior Researcher, Universidade do Minho

233. Martí Torra Merín, PhD Student, Universitat de Barcelona

234. Joost van Loon, Professor, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt

235. Karina Raña Villacura, PhD Candidate, Malmö University

236. Andrea Blatti, PhD Researcher, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies

237. Giovanni Carbone, Full Professor, Universitá degli Studi di Milano

238. Francisco Franco-Sánchez, Full Professor, University of Alicante

239. Caterina Borelli, Postdoctoral Researcher, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice

240. Marc Morell, Researcher, Rīgas Strādiņa Universitāte; Part-time Lecturer, Universitat de les Illes Balears

241. Ezgi Eren, Doctoral Researcher, KU Leuven

242. Francesco Zanotelli, Associate Professor, Universitá di Messina

243. İlknur Şafak Demirel, Research Assistant, Karolinska Institutet

244. Luigi Marinelli, Full Professor, Sapienza Universitá di Roma

245. Emmanouil Thanos, Postdoctoral Researcher, KU Leuven

246. Luca Bernardini. Associate Professor, Università degli studi di Milano

247. Michiel Schreurs, Doctoral Student, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

248. Milagros Miceli, Researcher, DAIR

249. Michelle Pace, Professor in Global Studies, Roskilde University

250. Amira Benali, Assistant Professor, Aalborg University

251. Maj Ørskov, Postdoctoral Researcher, Aarhus University

252. Annalisa Soncini, Postdoctoral Fellow, Université libre de Bruxelles

253. Katerina Yordanova, Researcher, KU Leuven

254. Stefania Tarantino, Researcher, University of Salerno

255. Jemma Vercruysse, Student, UGent

256. Annemie Leemans, Assistant Professor, University of Antwerp

257. Barbara Denuelle, PhD Researcher, University of Kent

258. Cindy Eira Nunes, Postdoctoral Researcher, Université libre de Bruxelles

259. Douwe Korff, Emeritus Professor of International Law, London Metropolitan University

260. Richard Wild, Principal Lecturer in Criminology, University of Greenwich

261. Hannah Wilkinson, Assistant Professor in Criminology, University of Nottingham

262. Claudia Fredella, Researcher, University of Milan-Bicocca

263. Alex Hanna, Director of Research, Distributed AI Research Institute

264. Max van Drunen, Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Amsterdam

265. Tommaso Sbriccoli, Research Fellow, University College London

266. Chiara De Capitani, PhD Researcher, Universitá degli Studi di Napoli “L’Orientale”

267. Joseph D. Steele, Lecturer and researcher; independent scholar, U. Colorado Boulder

268. Matti Eskelinen, Doctoral researcher in Philosophy, University of Turku

269. Monique Peperkamp, PhD researcher, University of Amsterdam

270. Paola Gori Giorgi, Professor, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

271. Thomas Van Riet, Associate, KU Leuven

272. Lorenzo Vianelli, Junior Assistant Professor, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna

273. Mat Tips, Policy Advisor, KU Leuven

274. Kathy De Wit, Administrative coordinator, KU Leuven

275. Stefano Boni, Professor in Anthropology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

276. Luca Queirolo Palmas, Professor, University of Genoa

277. Davide Pettenella, Full Professor, University of Padova

278. Claudio La Rocca, Full Professor in Philosophy, University of Genoa

279. Salvatore Palidda, Professor, University of Genoa

280. Claudio Bevegni, Full Professor, University of Genoa

281. Luca Guzzetti, Researcher, University of Genoa

282. Laura Santini, Tenure-Track Assistant Professor, University of Genoa

283. Andrea Balduzzi, Researcher, University of Genoa

284. Francesco Della Puppa, Professor, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice

285. Davide Filippi, Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Genoa

286. Luca Mastracci, Full Professor, University of Genoa

287. Filippo Torre, PhD Student in Sociology, University of Genoa

288. Vincent Dubois, Professor of sociology and political science, University of Strasbourg

289. José A. Brandariz, Professor of law and criminology, University of A Coruna